{"id":2966,"date":"2024-10-22T08:34:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T00:34:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/?p=2966"},"modified":"2024-10-22T08:34:47","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T00:34:47","slug":"database-search-basic-knowledge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/database-search-basic-knowledge.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u68c0\u7d22\u524d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f(\u53f0\u5927\u6559\u7a0b)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u8bfb\u8005\u83b7\u53d6\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ee5\u4f9b\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u9986\u65e0\u9986\u85cf\u4e4b\u6570\u636e\u4ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u53d6\u5f97\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u5229\u7528\u524d\u8ff0\u5de5\u5177\u8d44\u6e90\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u636e\u53ca\u53d6\u5f97\u6587\u732e\u4e4b\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u68c0\u7d22\u524d\uff0c\u8bf7\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u60a8\u6b32\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u671f\u520a\u6587\u732e\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u6216\u62a5\u7eb8\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u67e5\u627e\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u9986\u85cf\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u8054\u5408\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"712\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2020-04-30_115959.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2020-04-30_115959.jpg 712w, https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2020-04-30_115959-300x206.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 712px) 100vw, 712px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff08\u56db\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u68c0\u7d22<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u68c0\u7d22\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u9009\u53d6\uff1a\u5b9c\u9009\u7528\u80fd\u6db5\u76d6\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u9898\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u8bcd\u6c47\u987b\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u4f20\u8fbe\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u9898\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) \u5229\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u952e\u5165\u67e5\u627e\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u7d22\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u6d4f\u89c8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u68c0\u3002\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u8f9e\u6c47\u68c0\u7d22\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u627e\u8f9e\u6c47\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5c06\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u6216\u7b26\u5408\u8be5\u67e5\u627e\u8bcd\u8005\u5217\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u53c2\u8003\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) \u53c2\u8003\u63a7\u5236\u8bcd\u6c47 (controlled vocabulary)\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u5177\uff1a\u90e8\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d22\u5f15\u5178 (Thesaurus)\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u8868\u7b49\u63a7\u5236\u8bcd\u6c47\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6c47\u6574\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u53ca\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7528\u8bed\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u67e5\u627e\u8f9e\u6c47\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ca\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u501f\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5e7f\u4e49\u8bcd (broader terms)\u3001\u72ed\u4e49\u8bcd (narrower terms)\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd (related terms)\u3001\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd (synonyms) \u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2020-04-30_120249.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2969\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2020-04-30_120249.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2020-04-30_120249-300x246.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"730\" height=\"472\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2020-04-30_120405.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2970\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2020-04-30_120405.jpg 730w, https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2020-04-30_120405-300x194.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. \u68c0\u7d22\u5e38\u7528\u6280\u5de7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) \u5e03\u5c14\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u82e5\u60f3\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5b57\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5e03\u5c14\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u7f29\u5c0f\u6216\u6269\u5927\u67e5\u627e\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e03\u5c14\u903b\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570and \/ or \/ not\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u68c0\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I.\u201cAND\u201d\u7f29\u5c0f\u68c0\u7d22\u8303\u56f4\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u7ec4\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u201c\u4ea4\u96c6\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u68c0\u7d22A and B\uff0c\u68c0\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542bA\u53caB\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u60f3\u67e5\u627e\u201c\u9ed1\u8179\u679c\u8747\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u9694\u79bb\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u6709\u201c\u9ed1\u8179\u679c\u8747\u201d(drosophila melanogaster) \u548c\u201c\u751f\u6b96\u9694\u79bb\u201d (reproductive isolation) \u4e24\u79cd\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u201cdrosophila melanogaster <strong>AND<\/strong> reproductive isolation\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"198\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/clip_image0014_thumb.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2971\" title=\"clip_image002\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/tul.blog.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2255\/files\/2012\/11\/clip_image0014.png\"><\/a><br>II.\u201cOR\u201d \u6269\u5927\u68c0\u7d22\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u7ec4\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u201c\u8054\u96c6\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u68c0\u7d22A or B\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u5305\u542b A\u6216B\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7686\u4f1a\u88ab\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u8bcd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u67e5\u627e\u201c\u57fa\u56e0\u6539\u9020\u7389\u7c73\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u7528\u8bcd\u4e3a\u201cgenetically modified corn\u201d\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u4e3a\u7f29\u5199\u201cGM corn\u201d\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u4e3a\u201ctransgenic corn\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5373\u53ef\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u67e5\u627e\u8bcd\u4ee5OR\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u201cgenetically modified corn <strong>OR<\/strong> GM corn <strong>OR<\/strong> transgenic corn\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"201\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/clip_image002_or.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2972\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>III. \u201cNOT\u201d\u6392\u9664\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8303\u56f4 \uff0c\u201cNOT\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u8bcd\u4e3a\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u4e4b\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u68c0\u7d22A not B\uff0c\u68c0\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u6392\u9664\u201cA and B\u201d\u53ca\u4ec5\u6709B\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u53ea\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u5305\u542bA\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u60f3\u67e5\u627e\u793e\u533a\u5a92\u4f53(social media)\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u5374\u627e\u5230\u592a\u591a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u533a\u5a92\u4f53\u81f4\u5bcc\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u201csocial media <strong>NOT<\/strong> rich\u201d\u3002\u201cNOT\u201d\u6307\u4ee4\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u6392\u9664\u6389\u67d0\u4e9b\u867d\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u8be5\u5b57\u8bcd\u3001\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"193\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/clip_image003_not.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2973\" title=\"clip_image003\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u68c0\u7d22\u7b56\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"681\" height=\"461\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/google-04-30_134113.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2974\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/google-04-30_134113.jpg 681w, https:\/\/www.jiansuoke.com\/post\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/google-04-30_134113-300x203.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 681px) 100vw, 681px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) \u5207\u622a\u68c0\u7d22&nbsp;(Truncation)\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u5e38\u6709\u8bed\u5c3e\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u8be5\u5b57\u6240\u6709\u578b\u6001\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5207\u622a\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5b57\u6839\u52a0\u4e0a\u66ff\u4ee3\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5b57\u6839\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u9057\u6f0f\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u591a\u4ee5\u7b26\u53f7 \u201c*\u201d \u6216\u201c?\u201d\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201cLibrar?\u201d\u53ef\u67e5\u627e\u5230Library\u3001Libraries\u3001Librarian\u3001Librarian\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5747\u63d0\u4f9b\u5207\u622a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5207\u622a\u7b26\u53f7\u56e0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u53c2\u8003\u68c0\u7d22\u8bf4\u660e\u6216\u624b\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) \u901a\u914d\u7b26&nbsp;(Wildcard Character)\uff1a\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u7d22\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u62fc\u5b57\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u62fc\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f7f\u75281 \u4e2a\u201c?\u201d\u4ee3\u8868 1 \u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u53ef\u7f6e\u4e8e\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u6c47\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201cWom?n\u201d\u53ef\u67e5\u627e\u5230 Woman\u3001Women\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f7f\u7528\u201c*\u201d\u4ee3\u8868 0 \u81f3\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201cFlav*r\u201d\u53ef\u67e5\u627e\u5230 Flavor\u3001Flavour\uff0c\u201cCol*r\u201d\u53ef\u67e5\u627e\u5230 Color\u3001Colour \u7b49\u4e24\u79cd\u7f8e\u5f0f\u3001\u82f1\u5f0f\u62fc\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(4) \u9650\u5236\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u9650\u5b9a\u68c0\u7d22\u6761\u4ef6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u7f29\u5c0f\u68c0\u7d22\u8303\u56f4\u53ca\u51cf\u5c11\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u68c0\u7d22\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u9650\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5 (\u5982\u7bc7\u540d\u3001\u6458\u8981\u7b49)\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9650\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u68c0\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(5) \u7247\u8bed\u68c0\u7d22\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7 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